Part 11: Exercises

Answers follow at the end. Where an exercise asks for judgment, the key gives the reasoning, not just the mark.

Part A: Sort at speed

Slot of each, aloud, one beat apiece:

1. te 2. su 3. li 4. ka 5. nu 6. he 7. ti 8. mo

Part B: Build the stack

Translate, subject and object as given, particles doing all the work:

1. I had seen the path. (mia, ruela, nila)
2. The story is being created. (nophi, kealo)
3. You will be able to help, I assume. (thia, naphe)
4. I must make the child learn. (mia, lopia, shonela)
5. We did not make the dog sleep. (lo mia, lohau, nulae)
6. May they always give to the earth. (shia, wei muila, loa)

Part C: Repair shop

1. shia ke to wepu.
2. mia lopia po ka wile.
3. thia ma so shua.
4. mia hi ho remo.

Part D: Cite or refuse

Legal (say the meaning) or refused (say the rule):

1. to te 20. ka se 21. pi no 22. ho po ma 23. si ro 24. se ka ma

Part E: The honesty layer

Each is grammatical. Decide whether it is also honest; if not, repair it.

1. phialu to se ma loa. Said by the one who was asked to water the garden.
2. misheko si nulae. Said of the household cat, in general.
3. li wi lipha powea mia phelu. Said sadly: "I have only two eggs."
4. mia hi remo. Said of one's own thought: "I think, witnessed."

Part F: The week of stacks

Six journal lines across a week, one per prompt, stacks exact: (a) something complete as of now (ki); (b) something that was mid-flow when interrupted (to si + a second clause); (c) a habit you are starting (pa now, so ro promised); (d) something you did not cause, said cleanly (ka ma); (e) a hope with a future in it (su … so); (f) the bare sentence: one plain assertion, no particles at all, that you are content to own at rest. There is no key for Part F. Read the six aloud in a week; the stacks you reached for without thinking are the pamphlet, finished.

Answer key

Part A. 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2.

Part B.

1. mia ruela to ki nila.
2. nophi si se kealo. Aspect before voice; the creating is mid-flow and patient-first.
3. thia so ho po naphe. Tense, then the assumption, then the ability: future, as I assume, able.
4. mia lopia ka na shonela. Voice before modality; the modal scopes the making.
5. lo mia lohau to ka ma nulae. The causation denied, the dog's sleep unclaimed either way.
6. su shia wei muila ro loa. The wish framing a habit; hope aimed at a pattern.

Part C.

1. shia to ke wepu. Evidence follows tense.
2. mia lopia ka po wile. Voice precedes modality.
3. thia so ma shua. Negation last, against the verb.
4. Two sources, two sentences: mia remo. needs no source at all: your own thought goes bare (the evidentiality pamphlet's law); if the point was contrast, pick the one honest particle and one clause.

Part D.

1. Legal: stopped, back then; the ending, located in the past.
2. Refused: the voice pairing has one order, se ka.
3. Legal: a polite request; politeness outermost.
4. Legal: as I assume, it cannot; assumption, then denied possibility, each rank once.
5. Refused: one aspect per clause; mid-flow and habit are two claims, two clauses.
6. Legal: is not made to; the pairing, then the denial standing last against the verb.

Part E.

1. Honest only from someone who doesn't know who failed to water. From the one who was asked: mia wei muila phialu to ma loa. Part 9's whole scene, in one repair.
2. misheko ro nulae. The carve: a cat's nature is a pattern, not a nap in progress. (Mid-nap, si is exactly right.)
3. The fence on a quantity: refused. wi lipha powea mia phelu. states it; add henoi ma nai. if insufficiency is the true claim. The sadness was never the number's to carry.
4. Over-marked: your own inner life goes bare. mia remo. And the hi returns to the shelf for the day a witness-claim is actually for sale.